From traditional medicine to modern recreational and medicinal use, cannabis culture has evolved and expanded across the globe. But cannabis wouldn’t be what it is without the presence of cannabinoids—the chemicals in cannabis that give way to various effects.
In fact, there are between 80 to 100 cannabinoids. However, there’s one that’s often top of mind when it comes to discussions about cannabis: THC (tetrahydrocannabinol). However, THC wouldn’t exist with another cannabinoid called THCA (tetrahydrocannabinolic acid). So, what’s the difference between these two?
Below, we explore both THC and THCA futures, their differences, and more. We’ll also compare THCA vs THC effects—only one causes the “high” associated with marijuana use. Let’s take a closer look!
THCA vs THC: Chemical Composition and Conversion
THCA and THC may sound like the same thing. However, there’s one key differentiating factor: THCA (tetrahydrocannabinolic acid) carries an additional carboxyl group (COOH) in its molecular structure when compared to THC (tetrahydrocannabinol). And this actually makes THCA a larger molecule, altering how it interacts with our bodies’ receptors.
Yet, the decarboxylation process converts THCA into THC. Decarboxylation occurs via heat, light, or time. These factors cause the THCA molecule to lose its extra COOH group. And this is why eating raw cannabis won’t cause any kind of high, but smoking it, on the other hand, will. So, beyond their chemical structure, what other cannabinoid differences exist between THCA vs THC?
Psychoactive Properties
THCA—found in raw and unheated cannabis—doesn’t produce the euphoric high commonly associated with cannabis use. This is because THCA’s larger structure prevents it from interacting with the receptors in the body responsible for this high.
THC, on the other hand, has psychoactive effects and causes the “high” that cannabis use is known for. In particular, THC binds to C1 receptors (which are part of the endocannabinoid system) in the brain, which triggers:
- Mood changes
- Altered perceptions
- Memory formation changes
- Reduced pain sensation
This can have varying effects on different individuals. But, all in all, these effects are associated with the psychoactive activity of THC.
Health Benefits and Therapeutic Potential
Both THCA and THC have been explored for their associated health benefits and therapeutic potential. Despite not having psychoactive effects, THCA is thought to have anti-inflammatory and even neuroprotective effects. In this way, it’s thought to be a useful compound for treating and preventing inflammatory joint conditions and even potentially neurodegenerative conditions, such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease.
In comparison, THC is widely associated with pain relief, appetite stimulation, and anti-nausea properties. This is why it’s often prescribed for individuals undergoing chemotherapy; it can help limit the negative side effects, like nausea. Research further has shown that THC may prove just as effective for pain as codeine but without the negative side effects. It’s worth noting, however, that research is ongoing into both THC’s and THCA’s therapeutic uses.
A type of cannabinoid like CBD, a non-psychoactive compound, shows promise as a support for alcohol withdrawal by helping reduce symptoms like anxiety and restlessness and potentially protecting the brain from alcohol-related damage. Though research is ongoing, early findings suggest CBD may play a supportive role in detox.
Consumption Methods and Effects
Inevitably, the way you consume cannabis impacts its effects. Unheated forms contain THCA and can be consumed by juicing the leaves or buds, adding the powder to a smoothie, or taking it as a dietary supplement. This is best if you desire this plant’s anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects, without any psychoactive properties.
Meanwhile, THC’s psychoactive effects can be gained by heating cannabis. This is typically done via smoking or vaping. However, THC can also be activated by heating it for edibles. This is typically done by heating it in oil or butter and then baking or cooking with it. Since it’s gone through the decarboxylation process by heating the cannabis, edibles will give way to the “high” commonly associated with cannabis.
Legal Status
One thing to keep in mind before consuming cannabis is its legal status; the legal status of cannabis remains a highly controversial issue across the globe. While some states and countries have pushed for legalization, it still remains illegal in many places.
For instance, in the United States, its legal status depends on your specific state. Thus, always make sure you check the laws and regulations in your local area before consuming. Different laws can play a role in whether this drug is accessible or not, even for medicinal use.
It’s also worth noting that there can be variations in quality or THC percentage depending on the location and regulations. However, the future looks bright for cannabis legalization in many countries. There appears to be a growing acceptance of its medicinal use for various conditions and symptoms, leading to its legalization and regularization becoming more widespread.
Conclusion
Understanding the differences between THCA vs THC can help you understand what may be best for you. At the same time, discuss your options with your doctor; they can help you determine the best step forward. As with any drug, there can be some risks, which is why caution is always advised.
Additionally, the way you consume cannabis can impact your health in various ways. For example, choosing to smoke or vape can have negative impacts on your respiratory and cardiovascular systems when compared to edible options. The best thing you can do is stay informed regarding any risks or side effects, as well as legalities, ensuring you can make the right choice for you and your life.
References
- https://adf.org.au/drug-facts/cannabinoids/
- https://www.webmd.com/mental-health/addiction/what-is-thca
- https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10095267/
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35258504/
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK224384/
